Beyond the professional and intra-company transfer categories, cross-border commerce within North America is also supported by long-standing treaty trader and treaty investor provisions, which remain relevant to businesses and individuals engaged in USMCA/CUSMA-region trade and investment.
E-1 Treaty Trader
Available to nationals of qualifying treaty countries — including Canada — who are entering the U.S. to engage in substantial trade, principally between their home country and the United States, on their own behalf or as an essential employee of a qualifying trading company.
E-2 Treaty Investor
Available to nationals of a qualifying treaty country who have invested, or are actively in the process of investing, a substantial amount of capital in a bona fide U.S. enterprise that they will develop and direct.
Why This Matters for USMCA/CUSMA Businesses
For companies and investors operating across the Canada–U.S.–Mexico corridor, treaty trader and investor status can complement TN and intra-company transfer strategies, particularly for owners, principal traders, and key employees whose roles do not fit neatly into those categories. Eligibility depends on the applicant’s nationality and the specific treaty in force, so a case-specific review is essential. See also our Invest in the USA page.
For guidance tailored to your specific circumstances, contact Caruso Law to schedule a consultation.
